The Significance of Organizational Conflict - 1288 Words

u08a1 The Significance of Organizational Conflict As it is with all people, organizations experience conflict as well. In fact, conflict is impossible to avoid. At some point every one and in every environment, company, agency, and organization will experience some form of conflict. Whenever individuals engage with one another, the potential for conflict is present. Conflict is an unavoidable aspect of organizational life and can cause a substantial impact on individuals within the organizations, and organizations themselves (Ryan, Castro, 2004). Conflict is said to be â€Å"the spice of life† (Lewicki amp; Spencer, 1986-1998). It is prevalent and unavoidable in organizations as workers compete for recognition, praise, and promotion.†¦show more content†¦In fact, many organizations use opportunities for conflict to learn from, and as a means to become more effective in the work they do making it imperative for them to address it appropriately. â€Å"Organizational conflict occurs when members engage in activities that are incompatible with those of colleagues within their work, members of other collectivities or unaffiliated individuals who utilize the services or products of the organization† (Roloff, 1987). Often many organizations encourage conflict, to a degree to help set and obtain goals. There are some who suggest that organizational conflict has both functional and dysfunctional outcomes and benefits (Jehn, 1995). Those who believe in the benefits of conflict would further claim that there is a need for conflict management not conflict resolution. They don’t believe that management implies developing a means to avoid it or reduce and ignore it but to develop strategies to minimize its dysfunction and enhance its constructive functions to create learning and effectiveness within organizations (Rahim, 2002). According to some organization theorists, in order for an organization to be competitive it is i mportant to create opportunities and situations that will enable an organization to learn as fast as they can (ARgysis amp; Schon, 1996; Schein, 1993; Serge, 1990). The presence of tension and conflict seems to be important characteristics in organizations that support and encourageShow MoreRelatedConflict Management And Visionary Leadership971 Words   |  4 Pagesthis course. These articles are about conflict management styles in various organizations using Nigeria as a case study. The authors Kaban Conar (2012) wrote this article â€Å"Conflict Management and Visionary Leadership† to find efficient conflict measures to resolve conflict without harming institution targets and activities. Prause and Mujtab (2015) looked into the current â€Å"Current Management Practice in diverse workplace† with the purpose of finding best conflict management style. Rahim (2002) researchedRead MoreA Research Study On Organizational Conflict969 Words   |  4 Pagesresearch and ass ess the viability of study related to my degree specialization. Problem Statement Organizational conflict arises when an individual or group perceives a threat to his/their interest. Most organizational conflicts in Nigeria emerge due to inability of the system to fulfill the collective agreement with the employees. This leads to employees quitting from the job. Another source of conflict exists between employees; arguments and competition on promotion, position and performance beingRead MoreCulture Metaphor - Morgan G.19861442 Words   |  6 PagesLinh Nguyen – 1149482 AFM Assignment 2 One of the major strengths of the culture metaphor rests in the fact that it directs attention to the symbolic significance of even the most rational parts of organizational life ( Morgan, G. 1986) Discuss the issues raised in the quotation above, and comment on: †¢ †¢ †¢ the effects of organization culture on the design of organization structure; the effects of national culture on organization culture; and the ways in which power exists in different organizationRead MoreThe Importance Of Leadership Training For A Team1419 Words   |  6 Pagesfine, you have to remember that there is always an opportunity for growth. Recognizing the advantages that can be beneficial to the organization can help one to comprehend the true significance of leadership training. You will find that there may be several noticeable advantages that will emphasize the significance of leadership training. Providing a worker with the proper training and knowledge to acquire the skills they need is imperative. Although some individuals are certainly more skilledRead MoreEssay about The Mysterious Notion of Organized Efficiency572 Words   |  3 PagesOrganizational efficiency has long been recognised as a mysterious notion. In the not-for-profit industry, it is obviously documented to be even more challenging. Opposing objectives of numerous stakeholders and intricate possibilities that influence performance. To bring some sanity, in the somewhat and confused area of organizational efficiency, organizational performance and organizational performance. This study proposes a conceptual framework, which analyses variables that evaluates organizationalRead MoreThe Theory Of Organizational Learning And Performance Management Essay1156 Words   |  5 Pagespurpose of t he study, research question, method of research, significance of the study and its global implications, research findings and finally the relevancy of findings as it relates to my experience in my current corporation. Research problem Hall and Rowland (2012) re-evaluate the supposition of organizational learning and performance management as it relates to reward within corporations (Hall Rowland, 2012). The theory of Organizational learning has been an area of study for several decades,Read MoreQuantitative Research : Data Collection1527 Words   |  7 Pagesethical issues to consider with quantitative data collection methods. Problem Statement Organizational conflict arises when an individual or group perceives a threat to her/their interest. Most organizational conflicts in Nigeria emerge due to the inability of the system to fulfill the collective agreement with the employees (Ekong, 2000). This leads to employees quitting from the job. Another source of conflict exists between employees; arguments and competition for promotion, position and performanceRead MoreEssay on Conflict Management Styles 1166 Words   |  5 PagesConflict is known to be inseparable in all human interactions. In any organization, role differentiation acquires the different uses of conflict handling styles. Work direction, reward, supervision, discipline and performance review also involve the use of conflict handling styles. Organizational change and control is also viewed from a conflict perspective. In attempts to explain the nature or dynamics of a particular organizational phenomenon, conflict may be incorporated as a causal factor (Br ownRead MoreOrganizational Commitment: Job Satisfaction, Stress, Motivation1617 Words   |  7 PagesOrganizational Commitment: Job Satisfaction, Stress, Motivation Udaya Kiran Kadali January 23, 2011 Abstract Today’s organization because of global competition and cost cutting had lead to great changes in the organizations leading to greater effect of organizational behaviors. Some organizations are losing employees to other organizations and some employees are losing their efficiency due to the lack of job satisfaction, or due to stress and/or due to lack of motivation, or combinationRead MoreEvaluating A Business Situation Within The Field Of Management1520 Words   |  7 Pagespractices to bad management which must be addressed for effective running of the organization. Unfortunately, one of such challenging issues are conflicts which can be controlled, but inevitable. It is phenomenal in any organization and can reduce the rate of production and employees’ performance. Employers spend a lot of timing trying to resolve conflicts among employees, which takes part of the production time. Therefore, for the organization to experience enhanced productivity there is need to en sure

The SuitorsViews Of Odysseus In Homers The Odyssey

According to the Greeks, the suitors plot to kill Telemachus is not an acceptable part of the Greek culture. The Odyssey, written by Homer, tells the story of Odysseus, the king of Ithaca, who leaves for war and is constantly fighting with the gods in order to return home. Meanwhile, while he is gone, over 100 suitors fill his house, who all believe he is dead and wish to take his wife, Penelope, for themselves. After 20 years, Odysseus is finally able to return home, to find his country split between those loyal to him and those loyal to the suitors, and he must reorder his home and his kingdom. Throughout the story, a common theme of the importance of Xenia, or hospitality, to the Greeks appears many times, where it is either upheld or†¦show more content†¦The suitors, by laying with the maids, are also bringing chaos and destruction to Penelope’s house, disrespecting the hospitality she offers them and her as their possible future wife. Although the suitors and Ody sseus share the same views of disrespectfulness toward Penelope, their opinions on respect toward property varies greatly. The respect Odysseus has for property compared to the disrespect of the suitors shows one of the differences in their views of Xenia. Penelope shows the disrespect of the suitors when she says, â€Å"‘My house is being devoured, my rich farms destroyed, my palace crammed with enemies’† (Homer, 2006, p. 247). While the suitors are in Penelope’s house, they eat all of her food and do not care for her property, causing Penelope to become upset and state the previous phrase. By stating her house is being devoured, the suitors show their disrespect because they are not caring for her household, a major offence toward Xenia. This also shows that Penelope sees the suitors as enemies because they are not caring for her property and leaving her house in shambles, causing her to see their lack of respect and disobedience of Xenia. In addition, O dysseus respects the property of Eumaeus and expresses his gratitude because Eumaeus â€Å"stopped [his] †¦ homesick roving† (Homer, 2006, p. 386). Eumaeus serves as a host for Odysseus when he first returns to Ithaca and cannot return to his home until he can prepare to defeat the

Icon of Nuestra Senora de Guadalupe Free Essays

Icon of Nuestra Senora de Guadalupe is also known as Our Lady of Guadalupe or the Virgin of Guadalupe. It is a most famous and most popular Roman Catholic image of a Virgin Mary in Mexico. The legend says that Virgin appeared to Juan Diego Cuauhtlatoatzin, an Indian convert, in 1531 and the witness of that miracle required commemorating it by erection of a church, known as a Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe. We will write a custom essay sample on Icon of Nuestra Senora de Guadalupe or any similar topic only for you Order Now   There were two apparitions of the Virgin Mary and after the second an icon was painted which is, actually, now one of the most famous in Mexico. This event was historically significant as following it a great number of Indians of Mexico converted into Christianity. According to the information provided in encyclopedia Britannica â€Å"in 1754 a papal bull made the Virgin of Guadalupe the patroness and protector of New Spain, and in 1810 she became the symbol of the Mexican independence movement when the patriot-priest Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla raised her picture to his banner.† (Encyclopedia Britannica) The story of Virgin’s apparition is derived from the Nican mopohua which is thought to be the original source of that event.   Nican mopohua, written in the indigenous Nahuatl language gives an account of the encounter between Virgin Maria and Juan Diego Cuauhtlatoatzin in 1531 on Tepeyac. It says that a widowed convert Juan Diego was traveling to â€Å"attend to divine things† the woman in a bright shine appeared in front of him and said that she was a mother of God and asked Diego to tell the Bishop about her request to build a temple on this hill. She promised to come to those people who, would pray in this temple, and help them. The Nican mopohua is not the only work related to the apparition but it is considered to be the most explicit and most trusted. There is another work relating this story, but this time it is the first Spanish-language apparition account written by Miguel Sanchez. It is this document that for the first time refers to Our Lady of Guadalupe as to a symbol of Mexico. He mentions it in the context that â€Å"this New World has been won and conquered by the hand of the Virgin Mary†¦[who had] prepared, disposed, and contrived her exquisite likeness in this her Mexican land, which was conquered for such a glorious purpose, won that there should appear so Mexican an image† (Brading 2001). When in 1810 Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla and his army fought for the independence of Mexico they used the image of Nuestra Senora de Guadalupe as a sign on their clothes and also as an insignia of their campaign. After Hidalgo’s death a mestizo priest led the army during revolution. He also relied on the holy image and as Krauze in his book states he was confirmed that â€Å"New Spain puts less faith in its own efforts than in the power of God and the intercession of its Blessed Mother, who appeared within the precincts of Tepeyac as the miraculous image of Guadalupe that had come to comfort us, defend us, visibly be our protection† (Krauze, 1997). The Mexican calendar even contains the holiday to honor the Virgin, that is December 12, inscribed by the priest-revolutionary. (Matovina, 2001) Thus during the independence struggle people treated Nuestra Senora de Guadalupe as the symbol and patroness of patriots. They offered up numerous prayers at moments of difficulties and used her image on their ensigns. In this way, Brading observes, political exaltation intervened with religious faith â€Å"to produce a vehement fervor in favor of the sacred cause of liberty. The veneration for this image in Mexico far exceeds the greatest reverence that the shrewdest prophet might inspire† (Brading, 2001). In this way the icon of Nuestra Senora de Guadalupe became not only the sacred symbol of Mexico but also it acquired a profound political implication, the embodiment of the struggle for the independence, so desired by the Mexican people. Though there are still a lot of disputes as regards the verity of the legend about Our Lady of Guadalupe’s apparition its authority still remains very strong in Mexico. In addition to the reputation of the image which inspired people to fight for independence the Virgin is also the symbol of Catholicism in Mexico. As it was stated before the temple was build on the place were Saint Mary was met by Juan Diego, and it was the starting point of active conversion of indigenous people, Aztecs, to Christianity. Nuestra Senora de Guadalupe is still a sound support to the Catholics in Mexico and in other parts of Latin America. Starting from 1737 Nuestra Senora de Guadalupe was recognized to be a saint protectress of Mexico City and then almost two centuries later her protection spread all over the South America. Nowadays, hundreds of people pilgrimage to the church of Our Lady of Guadalupe located on the Cerro of Tepeyac. There are even cases when people do not just walk but crawl on their knees to the church to pray to Nuestra Senora de Guadalupe, as it is believed that in this way they can merit the cure for their sickness or gain help in the hardship. The image of Our Lady of Guadalupe said to have been miraculously imprinted upon Juan Diego’s cloak is displayed there. The woman depicted in this image dresses and looks like an Aztec maiden of the early 16th century. She has brown skin; Meso-American features, and is clothed in a turquoise tunic and a rose colored robe. In short, Our Lady of Guadalupe looks like the Aztecs and not like their European oppressors. The iconic resemblance between themselves and the woman depicted in that image was frequently noted by the contemporary Mexican pilgrims. Many Mexicans love their protectress and often call her with diminutive Virgencita. Pilgrims visit the basilica not only because of where it is, but also because of what it has. The Mexicans often feel admired that she is just like them dark-skinned with black hair and brown eyes. The image of Our Lady of Guadalupe is much more than a mere depiction of the woman Juan Diego claimed to have seen in his visions. It is also a complex collection of floral symbols, astronomical imagery, and other signs that are distinctively Aztec (Barber, 1997; Castillo, 1995). These symbols reinforce the indexical and iconic connections between Our Lady of Guadalupe and the non-Christian religious traditions of the Aztecs. The floral designs that adorn Our Lady of Guadalupe’s tunic are symbolic as well as decorative (Barber, 1997). In accordance with the conventions of Aztec glyphs (standardized pictographic designs used by the Aztecs to convey symbolic meanings) the flowers are rendered with a flatness that allows viewers to see them in full. One of the flowers included in the image, the quincunx, appears only once. It is positioned over the Virgin’s womb. According to Barber, this flower represented: the four compass directions of the world, with heaven and the underworld vertically encountering earth in the canter, in the â€Å"navel† of the world, or, to use the metaphor, in the navel of the moon, as they call the Valley of Mexico. (p. 72) The placement of this flower over the woman’s womb signifies that she bears an important child. That the Virgin is pregnant is also indicated by the black sash she wears around her waste, an Aztec symbol of pregnancy (Castillo, 1995). Located just below the sash is another floral symbol, the nagvioli. According to Castillo, this flower â€Å"represented Huitzilopochtli, the great ferocious sun god of the Aztecs† (p. xix). Our Lady of Guadalupe is thus symbolically linked to Coatlicue, an aspect of the goddess Tonantzin, who was the mother of Huitzilopochtl i. This link acknowledges her connection with the goddess she is supposed to have replaced. Also included among the image’s floral imagery are nine large, triangular, heart-shaped flowers–the Mexican magnolia–which were traditionally used to represent the nine levels of the Aztec underworld. In Nahuatl, the language of the Aztecs, the name for these flowers is yolloxochitl. As explained by Barber, â€Å"Yollotl, is `heart’ in Nahuatl, and xochitl, `flower'† (p. 76). According to Barber, â€Å"Yolloxochitl was an Aztec metaphor for the palpitating heart torn from the body of sacrificial victims† (p.76). Human sacrifice played a prominent role in the pre-Christian Aztec religion. Barber goes on to state that yolloxochitl can also be â€Å"read as another glyph, too: tepetl, hill, and precisely, Tepeyac Hill† (p. 76), the hill upon which Our Lady of Guadalupe appeared to Juan Diego and the location of the shrine of Tonantzin that had been appropriated by the Spanish missionaries. This flower, then, ties the Virgin to Tepeyac, the hill’s previous pre-Christian tenant, and to ritual practices valued by the Aztecs. Some of the flowers that adorn the tunic of Our Lady of Guadalupe are connected with the Aztecs’ rich astronomical symbolism. According to Barber the eight-petaled flowers: can be identified with a Nahuatl glyph for Venus, the Morning and Evening Star. Venus as Morning Star was associated with their god and culture-hero, Quetzalcoatl, who after his self-immolation was taken up into heaven as the morning star. (p. 73) The image’s astronomical symbolism is not limited to flowers that adorn the Virgin’s tunic. There are also solar, lunar, and stellar symbols. The most significant of these is the crescent moon upon which the Virgin is situated. To the Aztecs, this symbol represented the Valley of Mexico, their geographical, cultural, and spiritual center. Once it officially affirmed Our Lady of Guadalupe, the Church embraced her with a great show of public enthusiasm. Over the years, the Church has assigned to her such honorific titles as Patroness of Latin America and Empress of All the Americas. Works Cited List Barber, J. â€Å"The sacred image is a divine codex.† In A handbook on Guadalupe (pp. 68-73). New Bedford, MA: Franciscan Friars of the Immaculate, 1997 Brading, D.A. Mexican Phoenix. Our Lady of Guadalupe: Image and Tradition Across Five Centuries. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Castillo, A. â€Å"Introduction†. Goddess of the Americas/La Diosa de las Americas: Writings on the Virgin of Guadalupe Ed. A. Castillo (pp. xv-xxiii). New York: Riverhead Books, 1995. Krauze, Enrique. Mexico, Biography of Power. A History of Modern Mexico 1810-1996. New York: HarperCollins, 1997 Matovina, Timothy â€Å"Hispanic Catholics: ‘El Futuro’ Is Here† Commonweal. 128. 15. September 14, 2001 â€Å"Guadalupe, Basilica of.† Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2006. Encyclopaedia Britannica Online.   22  Mar.   2006  http://search.eb.com/eb/article-9038275 How to cite Icon of Nuestra Senora de Guadalupe, Essay examples

Cell phones in school free essay sample

I think students should be able to have the ability to have a phone present with them at all times even at school. There could be an emergency and the child might be far away from a phone when they need medical attention right away. Some medical emergencies include choking, seizures or children with broken bones at school. Emergencies can also happen with the teacher. The teacher could be in need of medical attention. A teacher could have a heart attach or a Stroke. Things could append on the bus to school or even on a field trip. Cell phones could come in handy during medicinal emergencies. Such non- emergencies could include kidnappings and school shootings. Students could call the police when these things happen. When people get hurt during a natural disaster, like tornados or hurricanes the phone could help them if they are stuck and cant get out. We will write a custom essay sample on Cell phones in school or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In order for a student to use a phone in the school, there should be guidelines for phone use. An agreement paper should be signed by the parents, the student and the teacher all saying that they agree to the guidelines of phone use in the class. Guidelines should be made. The phones should only be used for situations only and should not be used in class time. Students in school should have the use of cellular devices on school property for the potential use for emergencies. This is why schools should allow cellular devices in the school. Think students should be able to have the ability to have a phone present tit them at all times even at school. There could be an emergency and the child might be far away from a phone when they need medical attention right away. Some medical emergencies include choking, seizures or children with broken bones at school. Emergencies can also happen with the teacher. The teacher could be in need of medical attention. A teacher could have a heart attach or a Stroke. Things could happen on the bus to school or even on a field trip. The school.